Buddhism Intresting Facts

      Buddhism Intresting Facts

      

• 'Bauddha Dharma' (Buddhism) can be translated as 'Religion of the Buddha' or 'Way of Buddha'. Thus it means following the teachings of the enlightened one.
• Buddhism was founded in the north-eastern part of India (Between India and Nepal)
• Buddhism is a nontheistic religion (Independent from the belief or non-belief of God); Mahayana tradition is considered polytheistic.
• Gautama Buddha is considered the founder of Buddhism. (He himself acknowledged that there had been many enlightened ones in the past and there will be many in the future; however the teachings of Buddhism as it is today is largely based on the teachings of the Gautama Buddha)
• Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle") are the two major branches of Buddhism.
• Buddhism teaches that the 'Middle Way' is the best path towards liberation. Neither too much worldliness nor too much of asceticism are good to one's spiritual advancement.
• Fig tree is revered in Buddhism because it was under a Fig tree that Buddha got enlightened.
• Tripitaka (3 baskets) is considered the most important text of Buddhism, it has 3 volumes:  Sutta Pitaka, Vinaya Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka.
• Buddha is one who is perfected and purified and has no more cravings and thus no more births.
• Full moon day is a sacred day, especially the Buddha Poornima, the birthday of Buddha, also the day of his enlightenment and Death (Nirvaana and  Parinirvaana).
• Viharas are the sacred places of Buddhists where they worship, meditate, read scriptures, discuss and attend lectures.
• Visitors do not wear shoes inside the Viharas.
• Candles and incense sticks are lit during worship, they symbolize light(knowledge)
• Pali is the original languages of the Buddhist scriptures, it is also the language used during Buddha's era.
• Purpose of Life is to attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death which is the cause of suffering.

Interesting numbers

• Buddhism was founded in the 6th Century BC (528BC-448BC).
• Buddhism is the 4th Largest religion by population behind Christianity, Islam, Hinduism.
• The '3 Jewels of Buddhism' are: Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. Taking refuge in these is considered to be one's way out of misery.
• There are 4 Noble truths: There is suffering, origin of suffering, there is an end to suffering, way to end suffering.
• Noble Eightfold Path to end suffering: Right view, Right intention, Right speech, Right action, Right livelihood, Right effort, Right mindfulness, Right concentration.
• There are 6 realms or types of existence: Naraka beings, Preta, Animals, Human beings, Asuras and Devas.
• There are 4 immeasurables, 4 virtues and practices for their attainment: loving-kindness,compassion, Empathetic joy .
• There are 12 sources of suffering and they are interdependent.
• There are 5 precepts which are the guidelines to be followed by a serious Buddhist.

Teachings of Buddhism

• There is suffering in Life and there is a way to end it forever.
• Nothing in the creation has any intrinsic nature, thus there is emptiness.

Important aspects/ Beliefs

Three Jewels of Buddhism:

• Buddha
• Dharma
• Sangha

Four Noble Truths

• There is suffering
• The ways of Origin of Suffering
• There is a permanent end to suffering
• The path of Ending Suffering

Noble Eightfold Path to end suffering

Eight fold living and practices that help one rise above suffering:

• Right view or understanding: Viewing reality as it is, not just as it appears to be.
• Right intention or thought: Intention of freedom and purity.
• Right speech: Speaking in a truthful way.
• Right action
• Right livelihood
• Right effort
• Right mindfulness
• Right concentration

Samsaara

The repetitive cycle of birth and death is Samsaara. One is believed to die and born in the physical and Psychological realms repetitively because of his ignorance.

Karma

Every (mental) action bears fruit. Everything we think of becomes fruitful in later stages of life or the next lives. Thought is like a seed, it is bound to germinate. 'As you sow, so you reap.' 

Rebirth

Birth is not the beginning, death is not the end of us. Birth and death are just transitory events. Every one that dies will be born in another form until that one gets rid of all ignorance and achieves the higher state of Complete Liberation.

6 Realms of Existence of Life

1. Naraka beings: Beings of many types of hells.
2. Preta: Ghosts which sometimes live among humans, but mostly invisible.
3. Animals: Lower forms of life other than humans which do not have capable nervous system and brain for enlightenment.
4. Human beings: Form of life where liberation is possible.
5. Asuras: Daityas, demons; these are powerful and driven by passion; lack purity of intellect.
6. Devas: These are demi-gods, angels, deities and pure spirits; these are still bound by samsaara to some extent.

Four immeasurables:

4 virtues and practices for their attainment

1. Loving-kindness
2. Compassion
3. Empathetic joy
4. Equanimity

Middle Way

The Path of moderation away from the two extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification.

Three Marks of Existence

1. Impermanence
2. Suffering
3. Not-self

Twelve Nidaanas (inter-dependant causes of Suffering)

1. Avidyā (Ignorance): Ignorance of the nature of reality.
2. Saṃskāra (formations): Previously created formations of the mind (dispositions, volitional formations, conditioning, fabrications) ('Karma' can also mean Samskaara)
3. Vijñāna (discernment): Discrimination, discernment; thought it is a good is also the cause of suffering when intermingles with other causes
4. Nama-rupa: mind and body; name and form.
5. Ṣaḍāyatana (Six sense bases):eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind.
6. Sparsha (contact): impression, stimulation
7. Vedanā (Sensation): feeling
8. Tṛṣṇā (Craving): thirst, desire
9. Upādāna (Attachment): clinging or grasping
10. Bhava (Becoming): status of being/ existence
11. Jāti (Birth): 
12. Jarāmaraṇa (Aging and death)

Emptiness

All existence is without self-nature in its truest form, meaning things lack intrinsic reality, intrinsic objectivity, intrinsic identity or intrinsic referentiality. Lacking such static essence or substance does not make them not exist, it makes them thoroughly relative.

Nirvaana

Is the end of all suffering, the cessation of desire. The state of enlightenment achieved by the purified spiritual seekers.

Five Precepts

1. Ahimsā: To refrain from violence towards sentient life forms
2. To refrain from taking that which is not given
3. To refrain from sensual (including sexual) misconduct;
4. To refrain from lying (speaking truth always);
5. To refrain from intoxicants which lead to loss of mindfulness (drugs, alcohol etc).

List of 28 Buddhas

There are 28 Buddhas including Gautama Buddha that the Buddhists revere and pay respects to, They are the Buddhas of the past who taught Dharma to populace just like Gautama Buddha.

1. Taṇhaṅkara
2. Medhaṅkara
3. Saraṇaṅkara
4. Dīpankara
5. Koṇḍañña
6. Maṅgala
7. Sumana
8. Revata
9. Sobhita
10. Anomadassi
11. Paduma
12. Nārada
13. Padumuttara
14. Sumedha
15. Sujāta
16. Piyadassi
17. Atthadassi
18. Dhammadassī
19. Siddharttha
20. Tissa
21. Phussa
22. Vipassī
23. Sikhī
24. Vessabhū
25. Kakusandha
26. Koṇāgamana
27. Kassapa/ Kashyapa
28. Gautama

   Dhyani Buddhas

1. Vairochana
2. Akshobhya
3. Ratnasambhava
4. Amoghasiddhi
   
5.                                                                                      -Tamang Online News

Om Mani Padme Hum Meaning

Buddhists believe that saying the mantra (prayer), Om Mani Padme Hum, out loud or silently to oneself, invokes the powerful benevolent attention and blessings of Chenrezig, the embodiment of compassion. Viewing the written form of the mantra is said to have the same effect -- it is often carved into stones, like the one pictured above, and placed where people can see them. 

Spinning the written form of the mantra around in a Mani wheel (or prayer wheel) is also believed to give the same benefit as saying the mantra, and Mani wheels, small hand wheels and large wheels with millions of copies of the mantra inside, are found everywhere in the lands influenced by Tibetan Buddhism.

It is said that all the teachings of the Buddha are contained in this mantra: Om Mani Padme Hum can not really be translated into a simple phrase or sentence. 

It is appropriate, though, to say a little about the mantra, so that people who want to use it in their meditation practice will have some sense of what they are doing, and people who are just curious will understand a little better what the mantra is and why it is so important to Tibetan Buddhists. We begin in the next section with some information about the mantra itself.

The Mantra Om Mani Padme Hum

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The Mani mantra is the most widely used of all Buddhist mantras, and open to anyone who feels inspired to practice it -- it does not require prior initiation by a lama (meditation master).

The six syllables of the mantra, as it is often pronounced by Tibetans -- Om Mani Padme Hum -- are here written in the Tibetan alphabet: 

Reading from left to right the syllables are:

Om (ohm)

Ma (mah)

Ni (nee)

Pad (pahd)

Me (may)

Hum (hum)

The vowel in the sylable Hu (is pronounced as in the English word 'book'. The final consonant in that syllable is often pronounced 'ng' as in 'song' -- Om Mani Padme Hung. There is one further complication: The syllablePad is pronounced Pe (peh) by many Tibetans: Om Mani Peme Hung.

 

Sanskrit form	Om Mani Padma Hum mantra of Avalokiteshvara
Tibetan form	Om Mani Peme Hung mantra of Chenrezig

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The True Sound of Truth

An old story speaks about a similar problem. A devoted meditator, after years concentrating on a particular mantra, had attained enough insight to begin teaching. The student's humility was far from perfect, but the teachers at the monastery were not worried. 

A few years of successful teaching left the meditator with no thoughts about learning from anyone; but upon hearing about a famous hermit living nearby, the opportunity was too exciting to be passed up. 

The hermit lived alone on an island at the middle of a lake, so the meditator hired a man with a boat to row across to the island. The meditator was very respectful of the old hermit. As they shared some tea made with herbs the meditator asked him about his spiritual practice. The old man said he had no spiritual practice, except for a mantra which he repeated all the time to himself. The meditator was pleased: the hermit was using the same mantra he used himself -- but when the hermit spoke the mantra aloud, the meditator was horrified! 

"What's wrong?" asked the hermit. 

"I don't know what to say. I'm afraid you've wasted your whole life! You are pronouncing the mantra incorrectly!" 

"Oh, Dear! That is terrible. How should I say it?" 

The meditator gave the correct pronunciation, and the old hermit was very grateful, asking to be left alone so he could get started right away. On the way back across the lake the meditator, now confirmed as an accomplished teacher, was pondering the sad fate of the hermit. 

"It's so fortunate that I came along. At least he will have a little time to practice correctly before he dies." Just then, the meditator noticed that the boatman was looking quite shocked, and turned to see the hermit standing respectfully on the water, next to the boat. 

"Excuse me, please. I hate to bother you, but I've forgotten the correct pronunciation again. Would you please repeat it for me?" 

"You obviously don't need it," stammered the meditator; but the old man persisted in his polite request until the meditator relented and told him again the way he thought the mantra should be pronounced. 

The old hermit was saying the mantra very carefully, slowly, over and over, as he walked across the surface of the water back to the island. 

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The Common Mani Scripts

The mantra Om Mani Padme Hum is found written in two different ways in (and on) Mani wheels and on jewelry, etc.: in the ancient Indian Ranjana script and in Tibetan script: